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The purpose of a Security Gateway is to enforce security policies and protect network resources. A Security Gateway acts as a barrier between a trusted internal network and untrusted external networks by analyzing incoming and outgoing traffic based on defined security rules. This component is crucial for maintaining the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of network data.

Unlike simply blocking traffic or routing packets without scrutiny, a Security Gateway inspects packets for security threats, applies appropriate security measures, and ensures that only legitimate traffic is allowed through while unwanted or malicious traffic is denied. This proactive analysis helps in safeguarding the network from a variety of cyber threats, which is a fundamental aspect of network security management.

In addition, while managing user identities and access controls is essential in security architecture, this function often falls within the responsibilities of other dedicated components or systems, such as identity management applications or access control systems, rather than the primary role of the Security Gateway.